Types Of Irrigation // Factor affecting the surface irrigation

Type of Irrigation:-

Irrigation Mainly Divide into two classes:-

1. Surface Irrigation

2. Sub-Surface Irrigation

1)Surface Irrigation:- Irrigation in which water is applied and distributed over the soil surface.

Type of Surface Irrigation:-

a) Flow Irrigation:- The process of irrigation in which water flows from its source to the field by gravity.

Flow Irrigation may further be divide into two classes:-

Ⅰ- Perennial Irrigation:- The irrigation, in which water supply is available (Water available for all 12 months) throughout the crop period.

Perennial Irrigation may also can be divide into two classes:-

ⅰ- Direct Irrigation:- When the irrigation is done by diverting the river runoff into the main canal by constructing a diversion weir or a barrage across the river.

ⅱ- Storage Irrigation:- Dam is constructed across a river to store water during monsoon, when than is use for irrigation throughout the year.

Ⅱ- Flood Irrigation:- Also known as Inundation Irrigation or Uncontrolled Irrigation. Soil is kept submerged and thoroughly flooded with water, so as to cause through saturation of the land.

b) Lift Irrigation:- The process of supplying water to the field for irrigation crops by lifting it from its source of supply. Lift Irrigation in which water is lifted up by some mechanical or manual means, such as by pumps, etc. Lift irrigation is also known as Well Irrigation.

2)Sub-Surface Irrigation:- Irrigation is done by under surface.

Type of Sub-Surface Irrigation:-

1. Natural Sub-Surface Irrigation:- Underground water may irrigated crops, sown on lower land, by capillarity.

2. Artificial Sub-Surface Irrigation:- When a system of open jointed drains is artificially laid below the soil, so as to supply water to the crops by capillarity.

Factor affecting the Surface Irrigation:-

Surface Irrigation is defined as the irrigation water which flows over the surface from the source to the area to be irrigated. following factor will affect the surface irrigation:-

1. Surface slope of the field.

2. Depth of the water.

3. Roughness of the field surface.

4. Velocity of water.

5. Length of run and time required.

6. Size and shape of the water course.

7. Discharge of the water course.

8. Field resistance to soil erosion.

9. Direction of wind.

10. Type of soil.